Air Pollution Of The Airline Industry And Its Aircraft

Introduction When people think of noise control they normally think of sound being able to controlled. However, that not the case in airline industry. What noise controlled does to the airline industry is to seek a safe working environment that would not disturbed the environment and public health. It started in 1972 when congress passes the Noise Control Act to reduce noise pollution being produce by aircraft. Although there are other factors that is part of the noise pollution like automobile and construction site, but for this essay it will focus on the air pollution of the airline industry and its aircraft. With that being said, according to the Clean Air Act Title IV - Noise Pollution provided by the United State Environmental†¦show more content†¦According to the Smithsonian National Airspace Museum it stated â€Å"On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with their first powered aircraft. The Wright brothers had invented t he first successful airplane (Smithsonian National Airspace Museum, n.d.). Eventually, the advances of airplane since the Wright’s brothers more airplanes are now well equipped with the latest technology, faster, and stealthier. However, with every new airplane being produce there are problems that can arise, such as noise pollution. As more people are traveling it cause damages to the environment and public health. For example, every time a plane is taking off it burn fuels and causes carbon emission build up in the earth atmospheres, as well as, making noise disturbance nearby resident and businesses. According to MIT News â€Å"Noise from planes flying over residential areas impairs people s ability to work, learn in school and sleep, and consequently also results in lowered property values in affected areas†¦as passenger volume increases and new and larger airports are built, noise is becoming even more of a concern† (Aircraft Noise Pollution, 1995). Being said, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is on the verge of developing a completely new system called the NexGen to helps with the noise pollution caused by the airplane by figuring out what is the most effective way for an aircraft to approachShow MoreRelatedAirline Industry1221 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the world’s most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. It generates huge amounts of income as well as employment each year. Some of the common names in US air travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc. According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the airline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011. After the recent credit crunch, economies are now coming back toRead MoreAirline Industry Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesworld’s most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. They generate huge amounts of income as well as employment. Some of the common names in US air travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc. According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the airline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011. Business travel is increasing and even the airlines are now investing again. 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TheRead MoreCase Study Of Volga Dnepr : A Heavy Lift Cargo Airline1122 Words   |  5 PagesHeavy-Lift Cargo Airline History/Background As the air cargo industry grew after World War II, the need for large cargo aircraft increased worldwide. Items such as military tanks, aircraft engines, space station sections, satellites, factory power plants, and large construction equipment needed to be transported from manufacturing plants or job sites to locations around the world. This type of cargo, also known as oversized, outsized, or heavy-lift cargo, did not fit in conventional aircraft. Several majorRead MoreThe Airline Industry844 Words   |  4 PagesThe airline industry is probably one of the biggest industries in operation today in the world. Each country has their own standard airlines to operate. They could be small, or large players in the industry depending on how big the investment or how successful the country. The forefront of an industry like this of course is technology. When the first commercial flight took place in 1914, it was a big advancement in the world of technology and just a glimpse of how far we would progress in the futureRead MoreEmirates Airlines Project1507 Words   |  7 PagesDubai  based  Emirate airlines, is among the most successful airlines in the world. This is the largest airline from the  Middle East  that had played a vital role in shaping up the Emirate state from a, oil rich Emirate to a global tourism destination. After UAE independence in 1974, Dubai along with other Emirates were served by  Gulf Air. In 1985 when Gulf Air reduced its flights to and from Dubai, the ruling elite at Dubai realized, to have an exclusive airline for Dubai , hence Emirate Airline (having just

Deciding to Make Right Lifestyle Changing Decisions

Decisions are the common choices all individuals make in the normal daily encounters. The life of every human being is principally guided by the decisions he or she makes at a personal level. Very often, people find themselves having made decisions that end up yielding negative results while, on the contrary, others make decisions that lead to excellent outcomes. It is however, important to note that not all decisions made by humans are considered important in their lives. Important decisions in life involve a lot before one arrives at the stage of making a final choice (Sloan). In the present day when the young people face the threat of lifestyle diseases, a choice to avoid habits that lead cause obesity and other harms to their wellbeing would be a major life decision in the life of a youth. Most of the activities that threaten the physical and mental well being of youths are among the few interesting hobbies that make their lives interesting. In their teenage days, the present day youths tend to be great lovers of movies and television programs that show during most parts of the day. They remain seated for most part of the day when not in school as they watch different channels on TV. It is quite difficult to find them outdoors playing physical games or even taking time to jog for few minutes. They find it quite boring to play outside since whenever they feel like playing games, they engage in playing video games. Those in high school often find themselves at loggerheadsShow MoreRelatedChoices in Robert Forst ´s The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening665 Words   |  3 Pagesthat people make. Daily, people face choices that have positive and negative outcomes in life. For example, deciding to go out on a Saturday night, instead of doing an impor tant poetry paper; perhaps achieving a good grade is not on the agenda for Saturday. 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Effect of Gibberellins free essay sample

The Effects of Gibberellins on stem elongation in dwarf and normal Pea seedlings Abstract The effect of Gibberellins on dwarf and normal peas was studied under laboratory conditions in order to gain a better understanding of plant hormones. Problem: determine how the plant hormone Gibberellins affects on steam elongation and to measure the effect of this hormone on growth. Introduction Plant Hormones are small chemical messengers that act as internal signals within a plant. (Campbell et. at. , 2011) Plant hormones are also known as Phytochromes. Plants, unlike  animals, lack  glands  that produce and  secrete  hormones. Instead, each cell is capable of producing hormones (2). For over two millennia, people have observed that one part of the plant may influence that of another. Duhamel du Monceaus experiments in 1758 suggested that sap movement controlled the growth of plants. Julius von Sachs who is acknowledged as the father of plant physiology revised du Monceaus theory by presenting evidence that organ-forming substances were made by the plant and moved to different parts of the plant where they controlled growth and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Gibberellins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Charles Darwin, is considered to be the scientist responsible for beginning the modern research in plant growth substances with his experiments on phototropism described in his book The Power of Movement in Plants. It was in 1926 that this compound was first isolated from plants by a graduate student in Holland named Fritz Went and was later termed auxin (Greek auxein, to increase) by  Kogl and Haagen-Smit in 1931. Shortly after this time other lines of investigation led to other plant hormones:  gibberellins  were discovered in plant pathogenesis studies; efforts to culture tissues led to  Cytokinins; efforts of controlling abscission and dormancy aimed to  Abscisic acid; and the effects of illuminating gas and smoke brought us to  ethylene (3). Also there is another plant hormone, which is has been discovered and known as a Brassinosteriod. The main function of plant hormones include regulating plant growth, as well as affecting the processes of cell division, cell elongation, cell ifferentiation, polarity of growth, pattern of branching, seed germination, flowering, and senescence (Campbell et. al, 2011). Plant hormones also play a role in determining where the stems, leaves, flowers and fruits will form on the plant. The Gibberellins found in meristems of apical buds and roots, and young leaves, and developing seeds are the primary sires of production. Major function of Gibberellins: stimulate stem elongation, pollen development, pollen tube growth, fruit growth, and seed development and germination; regulate sex determination and the transition from juvenile to adult phases (Campbell et. l, 2011). The purpose of this experiment was to test the effects of the high/low concentrations of plant hormones Gibberellins on dwarf and normal pea plants. The plant organism studied in this experiment was the Pisum sativum L. The group hypothesized the Gibberellins hormone would cause the plants to grow tremendously: the higher concentrations of Gibberellins hormone would cause the plant to grow at a faster rate than the lower concentrations of this hormone. Materials and Methods 1 box of dwarf pea seedlings (Little Marvel) 1 box of normal pea seedlings. After all of our measurements on 21 days the average internodes length of dwarf and normal pea seedlings has been calculated and shown in Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7. The Figure 5 depicts the relationship between the plant heights 21 days the average internodes lengths at the week 14 days of dwarf and normal pea seedlings. The Figure 6 displays the average values of the internodes lengths of Control plants and Gibberellins affected plants during the experiment. Figure 6 The Figure 7 present a graph of results entire whole experiment based on Control Dwarf Peas, Gibberellins-Treated Dwarf Peas and Control Normal Peas. Figure 7 According to our results, at 21 days after after 1st measurements, the control dwarf peas only showed an average height of 25. 8 cm, while the Gibberellins acid-treated group of dwarf peas had an average height of 43. 2 cm. The Control tall peas had an average height of 58 cm. According on these values showed in Figure 7, there is a significant difference between the Control dwarf and the Gibberellins acid-treated dwarf peas and between the control dwarf and the control tall peas. Also between the Control tall and the Gibberellins acid-treated dwarf showed there is not a significant difference between these two groups. Since the Gibberellins acid-treated peas grew to a height similar to that of the tall peas, and significantly more than the dwarf peas, the results suggest that Gibberellins hormone may replace the substance genetically missing from the dwarf peas, or may enhance the growth of these peas. Variations in the amount of Gibberellins hormone applied to the seedlings may account for variations in the heights of the treated dwarf peas. Errors of 0. 5 to 3 cm may also occur in the measuring, especially when the peas start to grow tall and twist. Temperature and light intensity under the fluorescent lights was not measured. It is possible that changes in light intensity from one plant position to the next might influence growth rates. The experimental results obtained in the previous section supported hypothesis. Gibberellins made the plant grow tall, and throughout the week it was noticed that experimented plants seemed to have shrunk. These sources of error could be due to the fact that measurements were a little wrong or that the plants were breaking off from day to day. As for the plants with the high concentrations of each hormone, the results supported the overall hypothesis determined by the class as well. In the future it would be very useful to use the string method, throughout the entire measurement process, and to prevent the deterioration of the plants in general by placing them in more isolated areas if possible.  In conclusion, data results support the group hypothesis: the Gibberellins hormone of higher concentrations would cause the plant to grow at a faster rate than the lower concentrations of this hormone. The Gibberellins hormone increases the growth rate of genetically dwarf peas.

The Committee on the Armed Services in the US

The committee in question throughout the course of this paper is the committee on the armed services. This paper is going to talk about the number of subcommittees under this committee.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Committee on the Armed Services in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The committee is made up of 62 members. The members are divided into Republicans and Democrats. The ratio of Republicans to Democrats is 35 to 27. (Congress, 2006). The subcommittees under this committee include emerging threats and capabilities subcommittee, military personnel subcommittee, oversight and investigation subcommittee, readiness subcommittee, sea power and projection forces subcommittee, strategic forces subcommittee, and tactical air and land forces committee. The emerging threats and capabilities committee has 18 members. These members are divided into 10 republicans and 8 democrats. The military commit tee is comprised of 14 members. These are divided into 8 Republican members and 6 Democrats. The oversight and investigations committee is comprised of 10 members. These are divided into 6 Republicans and 4 Democrats. The readiness committee is comprised of 21 members. These are divided into 12 Republicans and 9 Democrats. The sea power and projection forces committee has 20 members. These are divided into 11 Republican members and 9 Democrat members. The strategic forces committee contains 16 members. These are divided into 9 republican members and 7 democrat members. The tactical air and land forces committee is made up of 25 members. These are divided into 14 republican members and 11 democrat members. (United States Congress, 1866). The emerging threats and capabilities committee is chaired by Mac Thornberry from Texas. The chairman is a republican. Other republicans in the party include Jeff Miller (FL), John Kline (MN), Bill Shuster (PA), K. Michael Conaway (TX), Christopher P . Gibson (NY), Robert T. Schilling (IL), Allen B. West (FL), Trent Franks (AZ), and Duncan Hunter (CA). The Democrat constitutes 8 members of the 18 members in the committee. These are James R. Langevin (RI), Loretta Sanchez (CA), Robert E. Andrews (NJ), Susan A. Davis (CA), Tim Ryan (OH), C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger (MD), Henry C. â€Å"Hank† Johnson, Jr. (GA), and Kathleen C. Hochul (NY). The military personnel committee is made up chaired by Joe Wilson. He is one of the 8 republicans in the committee. Other members are Walter B. Jones (NC), Mike Coffman (CO), Thomas J. Rooney (FL), Joseph J. Heck (NV), Allen B. West (FL), Austin Scott (GA), and Vicky Hartzler (MO).Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The democrats are Susan A. Davis (CA), Robert A. Brady (PA), Madeleine Z. Bordallo (GU), David Loebsack (IA), Niki Tsongas (MA), and Chellie Pingree (ME). The oversight and investig ations committee is chaired by Robert J. Wittman (VA). He controls a part of the 6 members making up the committee. Other members are K. Michael Conaway (TX), Mo Brooks (AL), Todd C. Young (IN), Thomas J. Rooney (FL), and Mike Coffman (CO). Group 1 represents the emerging threats and capabilities of the committee, and this is represented by the blue color. Group 2 presents the military personnel committee and is shown by the green color. Group 3 represents the oversight and investigation and is marked by the red color. Group 4 features the readiness committee and is presented by the med blue color. Group 5 represents the sea power and projection forces and is colored in orange. Group 6 is the strategic forces subcommittee which is presented by the yellow color. Group 7 is meant to be the tactical air and land forces which is represented by the brown color. (Jewell, 1982). References Congress (U.S.). (2006). Congressional Record, V. 148, Pt. 13, September 20, 2002 to October 1, 2002. New York: United States Congress. Jewell, M.E. (1982). Representation in state legislatures. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. United States. Congress. (1866). Congressional edition. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. This report on The Committee on the Armed Services in the US was written and submitted by user Phoebe A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Artifacts and Technology essays

Artifacts and Technology essays An artifact is any object that was made by or altered by humans for some purpose or task. I personally think that all artifacts can be classified as technology. One article that I have found, entitled Analyzing the Past, talks about stone artifacts. These stone artifacts date back some 2.6 million years to the Stone Age. The people of this age forged these new items out of stone. This was something that had never been done before, so it was a new technology. Today, we may not consider this stone work as technology because we have become further advanced. These artifacts help us to better understand the way things were used and the way people lived in these past times. We of course cant talk to anybody that lived back then, so we have to use the technologies that we have today to help us to identify technologies that were used then. Many years from now, when people may possibly find artifacts at Ground Zero in New York City, will they classify this as technology? I think yes, even though the way they build their buildings in future times will more than likely be far more advanced, they will see that our people had become more advanced when those buildings were built than say the times when the Carlyle House in Alexandria, Virginia was built in 1752. The World Trade Centers had a new technological design that was to make them collapse in upon themselves if they were to ever fall. This technology held true when they did collapse. ...

Building Sentences With Adverb Clauses

Building Sentences With Adverb Clauses Here well practice building sentences with adverb clauses. Like an adjective clause, an adverb clause is always dependent on (or subordinate to) an independent clause. Like an ordinary adverb, an adverb clause usually modifies a verb, though it can also modify an adjective, an adverb, or even the rest of the sentence in which it appears. Adverb clauses show the relationship and relative importance of ideas in our sentences. From Coordination to Subordination Consider how we might combine these two sentences: The national speed limit was repealed.Road accidents have increased sharply. One option is to coordinate the two sentences: The national speed limit was repealed, and road accidents have increased sharply. Coordination with and allows us to connect the two main clauses, but it doesnt clearly identify the relationship between the ideas in those clauses. To clarify that relationship, we may choose to change the first main clause into an adverb clause: Since the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply. In this version the time relationship is emphasized. By changing the first word in the adverb clause (a word called a subordinating conjunction), we can establish a different relationshipone of cause: Because the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply. Notice that an adverb clause, like an adjective clause, contains its own subject and predicate, but it must be subordinated to a main clause to make sense. Common Subordinating Conjunctions An adverb clause begins with a subordinating conjunctionan adverb that connects the subordinate clause to the main clause. The subordinating conjunction may indicate a relationship of cause, concession, comparison, condition, place, or time. Heres a list of the common subordinating conjunctions: Cause asbecausein order thatsinceso thatExample:Im not a vegetarian because I love animals. Im a vegetarian because I hate plants.(A. Whitney Brown) Concession and Comparison althoughasas thougheven thoughjust asthoughwhereaswhileExamples:You will find that the State is the kind of organization which, though it does big things badly, does small things badly, too.(John Kenneth Galbraith)It is a waste of energy to be angry with a man who behaves badly, just as it is to be angry with a car that wont go.(Bertrand Russell) Condition even ififin caseprovided thatunlessExample:If you have ever lain awake at night and repeated one word over and over, thousands and millions and hundreds of thousands of millions of times, you know the disturbing mental state you can get into.(James Thurber) Place wherewhereverExample:Read over your compositions, and wherever you meet with a passage which you think is particularly fine, strike it out.(Samuel Johnson) Time afteras soon asas long asbeforeoncestilltilluntilwhenwheneverwhileExample: As soon as you trust yourself, you will know how to live.(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)Practice in Building Sentences with Adverb Clauses These five short exercises in sentence combining will give you practice in developing sentences with adverb clauses. Follow the instructions that precede each set of sentences. After you have completed the exercise, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations on page two. Combine these two sentences by turning the second sentence into an adverb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating conjunction of time:In a Junction City diner, a sunburned farmer comforts his squirming son.His wife sips coffee and recalls the high school prom.Combine these two sentences by turning the second sentence into an adverb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating conjunction of place:Diane wants to live somewhere.The sun shines every day there.Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an adverb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating conjunction of concession or comparison:Work stops.Expenses run on.Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an adverb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating conjunction of condition:Youre on the right track.Youll get run over if you just sit there.Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an adverb clause beginning with an appropriate subo rdinating conjunction of cause:Satchel Paige was black.He was not allowed to pitch in the major leagues until he was in his forties. After you have completed the exercise, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations below. Sample Combinations Here are sample answers to the exercise on page one:  Practice in Building Sentences with Adverb Clauses. In a Junction City diner, a sunburned farmer comforts his squirming son  while  his wife sips coffee and recalls the high school prom.(Richard Rhodes,  The Inland Ground)Diane wants to live  where  the sun shines every day. Even though  work stops, expenses run on. Even if  youre on the right track, youll get run over if you just sit there.(Will Rogers) Because  Satchel Paige was black, he was not allowed to pitch in the major leagues until he was in his forties.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example Question # 1- Target Market Initially facebook has its membership restrained to college students only so the target market covered only the youngster till 2006 after which it was opened for all after two years in 2006. The users comprising the target market fell under the psychographic segmentation. The target market includes those youngsters who wish to keep connected with their folks and friends all over the world. Their attributes relating to values, attitudes, interests, personality, or lifestyles matter to them. Facebook new exciting offers target markets users who want to download everything they have posted from Fb to computers. Any sort of information would definitely be updated at personal computer including social status, profile, wall post etc. Whereas the dashboard helps provide more flexibility for users wishing to control better their applications. The new grouping feature targets those groups who wish to share comments, pictures and other links with acquaintances based on ones relationships and interests. For instance, one can now group Facebook friends by college, family, work, sports teams. Question # 2 - Facebook Competitors Facebook has already achieved competitive edge as social networking sites. It does not have strong competitors. ... Tumblr It provides blogging platform with many kids sharing content with each others however, still the tumbir cannot surpass the area coverage by facebook. Twitter It is a micro blogging platform with features of Facebook except 140 assymetric follow patterns and character messages which is a new feature however, this is not such a big threat to Facebook. LinkedIn This is specifically for the business gentry and is therefore covers only certain individuals while Facebook is for everyone else. Path Path works against the principle of Facebook as it talks about smaller groups of friends. Path let you share pictures and information with close circle of friend. Still social networks matter today so facebook still out do. Question # 3 – Product’s Position Facebook is the world's largest social networking online web. On average there are 700 billions minutes spent in a month by facebook current users. The company has been increasing at a meteoric pace, doubling size since af ter 2009 and pushing competitors like Orkut and Twitter aside. Through it is social networking world wide still it has wider customer acceptance due to set define standards of privacy like no other websites provide. There are defined privacy laws governing facebook actions due to which at times it has even been sued. But, so far it has the greater sale’s popularity with over 500 million users in the year 2010. The largest social network worldwide has been rapidly increasing its membership at a steady pace for over the so many years gone by, however even Facebook is almost touching saturation level for several of its age demographics. The good news that remains for Facebook is that it has still future potential to increase and retain its market share. E Marketer statistics

Five Stages of International Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Five Stages of International Development - Essay Example Phase number one is usually called Domestic Company. A business is regarded as a domestic company if its business operations are solely carried out in the nation where it originates. Its commodities are set for domestic market and the sourcing of factors of production is also domestic. A typical domestic company, thus, makes no dealings beyond its nation of origin’s boundaries. It, therefore, follows that such a business’ management is the easiest and domestically emanating challenges would also be resolvable with minimal effort. (Dlabay, et al, 2010 p263) Anaren Company befitted this description in year 2006. (forbes.com, 2006) The second phase of international development is Exporting Company. This business type has dependence upon the home-market merits like reputation as it opens wings to the external markets. Its major focus is on sales of its familiar commodities in a small number of foreign markets. Exporting businesses rely on their independent agents in the man agement of their operations in the foreign or even utilize distributors to do the same work. This is due to the fact that agents and distributors alike know the abroad based market places and thus success can be achieved through them with more probability. An example of a business in this stage is the Goscinski Enterprises which exports food commodities in three nations.

Modernization Essay Example for Free

Modernization Essay As we begin to ponder the future of modernization, and the possible consequences that are apt to occur, perhaps we should first revisit the definition of modernization. To this end we can start by saying that modernization is thought of as a concept that states that the development of societies can be considered as a standard evolutionary pattern that has a tendency to stimulate growth. It can also be considered as the concept that refers to the process where society goes through several stages, including industrialization, urbanization, and various other social changes, that tend to completely transform the lives of individuals. One must first take into consideration that modernization, taken in-and-of- itself, should not be considered either good or bad. Modernization is not limited to the geographical bounds of the United States but actually affects people worldwide, and has wide ranging effects including politically, socially, economically, and environmentally throughout the entire populated world. Of course, as in most things, there are positive aspects of modernization as well as several consequences. Perhaps it could be posited that Industrialization began the social changes in the United States society that could be referred to as the modernization of the United States. Although there were many changes before industrialization they were perhaps not as wide-ranging or as monumental. For the purposes of this discussion we can say that modernization refers to the changes of social patterns since the time of the industrial revolution (Macionis, J. J. , 2011). These changes are going to continue, so that we can have better and more efficient technology. Our buildings are even being built to endure certain circumstance based on location. We have advanced so much there would be no reason to take a step back now. We are finding more and better ways to improve our everyday lives and makes things easier for an everyday commute. We have changed the way we think and treat people as well. Since we are a more diverse society people don’t judge each other based on their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. The way we treat others in the workplace and sexual harassment has changed also sexual harassment is now a serious crime and has consequences. Modernization is a world-wide trend. We often use conference calling for business meetings in foreign countries. Most countries now have access to the World Wide Web as well. Countries are looking for ways to modernize and adapt to the new technology we have available. There are societies and religions that do not believe in modernization such as the Amish. In some societies socialization has become closer among residents while others societies have grown further apart. Schools are adapting to other cultures and standards. Education is changing as well as work ethics and duties. Countries want to find new ways to expand and progress. Japan and China are two countries that have shown major modernization in the last few decades. All countries can benefit from the progression of modernization. Modernization helps to societies as well as has its negative aspects. We will discuss the negative effects later. Technology blends with our society and traditions are often lost. With more technology we find less need for backbreaking labor and many jobs are replaced with machines. Modernization has even affected our environment with pollution. There are positive aspects to modernization as well. As mentioned before the technology helps in the workplace by making things more efficient, faster, and less costly. Modernization has also change the way be build. Many of our buildings are now modernized and more appealing to onlookers. We can now see other parts of the world just by searching the internet. We can socialize with others that are across the globe without leaving our homes. Modernization has led to social, political, economical, cultural changes, and more. We have brought change in society in numerous ways. Modernization has helped to legalize same-sex marriages, abortions and other things that were considered forbidden before. Some fear with the advance in modernization that we may lose sight in religious values. The great thing about modernization is more people are thinking for themselves, and fighting for what they believe in. A study done in china had found that people in underdeveloped areas where more likely to get lung cancer because of smoking in their homes and using solid heat to cook and heat. The study found it was better on their health to live in a more modernized society. The wood and coal used to make their heat and warm their food was also a cause of lung cancer. So modernization, even though it has also caused pollution in the past, can also help us to become more environmentally friendly. This study shows that we are learning from our mistakes and making better choices to make a better future. Modernization has its good qualities as well as its bad. Technology will continue to advance and societies will continue to adapt. We will continue our want and need for something faster, better, and more efficient than the technology we already have. Countries will continue to compete with each other to come out with the latest technology and best advancements. We will continue to accept new trends, ideas, and values. Some traditions will diminish though we will have new advancements to take their place. The U. S. alone has grown to accept new things such as same sex marriage, rights to vote and more. With as advance as we have become worldwide there is no reason for modernization to stop where it is. We can always learn new things, make new things and come together as better communities. We can also learn to adapt and make better choices for our environment to ensure a healthier world for generations to come.

Eric Eazy-E Wright A Life Interrupted by Taylor Evans :: essays research papers

Eric Eazy-E Wright A Life Interrupted by Taylor Evans Born September 7, 1963, Eric "Eazy-E" Wright's early reputation on the streets of Compton, California, was a hustler eager to apply his street knowledge to his legitimate game. He dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but refused that to interrupt his success. In the late `80's he turned to rap music. Along with Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, DJ Yella, and M.C. Ren established the most successful and controversial rap group in history. As N.W.A, they blasted police cruelty and challenged the establishment. They eventually took their message of inner-city struggle to millions of fans worldwide. As a soloist, Eazy's career was even more incredible. He launched Compton/Ruthless Records in 1987 and by 1988 had two hit acts-JJ. Fad and Michel'le. During the summer of the same year, N.W.A's Straight Outta Compton LP frightened the media into labeling the group "gangsters". This was a label the group wore and exploited with such force that by the time Eazy released his solo project Eazy-Duz-It that fall, the stage of musical funk and lyrical fight had long been set. "Boyz-N-The-Hood" , "We Want Eazy", "Eazy-Duz-It". His voice fueled a legion of hits. In the early `90's, he joined other West Coast rappers, including M.C. Hammer, Ice T, Tone-Loc, and Young MC, in a stop the violence campaign led by the single "We're All In The Same Gang". With N.W.A, Eazy broke down all the doors of mass exposure previously closed to rap music. Attempts to rock the young musician's foundation were generally useless. Arrests for performing N.W.A's biggest hit "F*** The Police", and other attempts at censorship only helped pave the way for his success. By the time the group had released its last album, Efil4zaggin, in 1991, they had sold more than six million records. As a businessman, Eazy had built a solid commodity with his Ruthless Records label. Some of his more famous signings were: Above The Law, Bone- Thugs-N-Harmo ny, and D.O.C. His ability to promote and market these acts was on the strength of his radio show, "Ruthless Radio Show". As an on-air personality, Eazy gave his audience tickets to his performances, talked to fans, and also became more famous with the young black Americans. Few really knew the man behind the scenes. His charitable nature benefited such organizations as Athletes and Entertainers For Kids, United Colors, and the Make A Wish Foundation.

Effective Research and Writing Essay

To be successful in the new market segment, our team must efficiently accomplish the goals set by the company. A leadership approach for each team member was developed based on the theories of leadership and each member’s individual personality. Marie and Teresa’s Personality Assessment Based on the results of the personality assessment, Marie and Teresa possess extroverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving attributes (â€Å"What’s My Jungian 16-Type Personality Self-Assessment,† n.d.). They are people-oriented, creative, and highly optimistic. They are motivated by interactions with people and enjoy a large social circle of acquaintances that require social situations to fuel their energy. Their personalities tend to focus their attention on the big picture rather than the details and prefer to have different options should circumstances change. They respond to the need for urgency to accomplish goals and they value proactivity to become a successful part of the group. Leadership Approaches I plan to lead them by using a democratic and participative style of leadership successfully. I will make sure to involve them in my decision-making process, delegate authority, and encourage their feedback. I will also use a transformational approach because of their need to be connected to their leader and their feeling of reaching their optimal potential in the workplace. Jim’s Personality Assessment Based on the results of the personality assessment, Jim possesses extroverted, sensing, thinking, and judging attributes (â€Å"What’s My Jungian 16-Type Personality Self-Assessment,† n.d.). He is realistic, logical, analytical, decisive, and has a natural head for business or mechanics. He is also motivated by interactions with people and requires social situations to fuel his energy. His personality tends to focus on the details rather than the big picture and prefers logical considerations over social ones when making decisions. He is a planner and he gains influence through predictability. He focuses on immediate outlooks rather than future possibilities. Leadership Approaches I plan to lead him by using a democratic and participative style of leadership. I will make sure to involve him in my decision making process, delegate authority, and encourage his feedback. I will also use a contingency style of leadership that focuses on task orientation because of his need to organize and run things in a business. His motivation for urgency will be emulated through his realistic expectations and attaining goals based on analytical and decisive approaches. Mary’s Personality Assessment Based on the results of the personality assessment, Missy possesses extroverted, intuitive, feeling, and judging attributes (â€Å"What’s My Jungian 16-Type Personality Self-Assessment,† n.d.). She is charismatic, compassionate, and highly persuasive. She is also motivated by interactions with people and enjoys a large social circle of acquaintances that requires social situations to fuel her energy. Her personality tends to be more conceptual than practical and she values personal considerations over criteria that are objective. Leadership Approaches I plan to lead her by using a democratic and participative style of leadership. I will make sure to involve her in my decision making process, delegate authority, and encourage her feedback. She tends to plan her activities and possesses outstanding time management skills, so her sense of urgency to complete a task is high. I will also use a charismatic-visionary style of leadership that allows me to articulate the vision and be willing to take risks to achieve it (Robbins & Coulter, 2012). Rick’s Personality Assessment Based on the results of the personality assessment, Steve possesses introverted, intuitive, thinking, and perceiving attributes (â€Å"What’s My Jungian 16-Type Personality Self-Assessment, â€Å"n.d.). He is socially cautious, enjoys problem solving, and is highly conceptual. He prefers interacting with a small group of friends because of his tendency to be quiet and reserved. He is a planner who gains influence through predictability and focuses on future possibilities rather than immediate outlooks. Leadership Approaches I plan to lead him by using a laissez-faire style of leadership because it will allow him to make his own decisions because he has little regard for titles. His tendency to withhold judgment and his delay of making important decisions can create a challenge when deadlines need to be met. His personality prefers to work alone because of his need for independence, so I will be able to manage him effectively when I make sure that his competencies match his interests. By adjusting my leadership style to conform to each member’s personality, I am confident that my team will efficiently accomplish the goals set by the company. Our new department will be effective in the new market segment and fulfill the company’s strategic plan.

Short Story Analysis/ Civil Peace

â€Å"Once you allow your foundation to be restored, not a small or quick task, you will be able, with God's help, to build the life He always intended you to have† (Sandra Celeste). Chinua Achebe, the author of â€Å"Civil Peace,† writes about a stereotypical life in Africa, from struggles to miracles, the story is focused around the main character, Jonathan Iwegbu's, point of view. The main conflict is the bittersweet fact that Civil War has come to an end, but many African families have lost everything they have ever known. Jonathan, is surprised to see that his house is still standing when other structures around it are demolished.The author uses motifs, characterization and plot to further echo conflict through the entire piece. A quote that is repeated throughout â€Å"Civil Peace† is that, â€Å"Nothing Puzzles God† (Achebe 359). This motif helps support the characters, which further helps support the conflict. This recurring quote helps support the theme by giving characteristics to Jonathan. He is being blessed over and over again, and remains humble. At the end of the Civil War, his bike is kept safe and he is able to sell, and then afford a taxi drive back to Enugu to search for his home.In that whole experience, he does nothing but say that God is limitless, â€Å"But, needless to say, even that monumental blessing must be accounted also totally inferior to the five heads in the family. This newest miracle was his little house in Ogui Overside. Indeed nothing puzzles God! † (Achebe 359). This quote gives support to the motif, which then is portrayed as the theme. The motif is also the main supportation for the main character, Jonathan. In the â€Å"Civil Peace,† Achebe describes the main character, Jonathan, as a humble African man, who experiences difficulties after the Civil War.He is directly supported by the theme that, â€Å"Nothing Puzzles God,† because of the amount of times he is heard saying it. Characterization is a big part in this story, and it is used to support the theme, which is the direct backbone to the main conflict. The conflict is based around Jonathan and his struggle to rebuild his home and his life. Through Jonathan the journey is not hard to read, due to the complete humble nature of him and his life. â€Å"I count it as nothing,' he told his sympathizers, his eyes on the rope he was tying.‘What is _egg-rasher_? Did I depend on it last week? Or is it greater than other things that went with the war? I say, let _egg-rasher_ perish in the flames! Let it go where everything else has gone. Nothing puzzles God† (Achebe 364). Even in his worst times, when all he had earned for his family after the war was taken away, he still praised God and put it into a completely different viewpoint. Jonathans character is a great use of conflict supportation, but his character also enhances the plot, which in the end directly reflects the main theme.The plot o f any story is the foundation and the base for all characters, themes, or motifs. Plot is used to portray action throughout the story. In the â€Å"Civil Peace,† the author uses the plot to intensify Jonathans character and magnify the main conflict. The two most important conflicts that happen throughout the story are when Jonathan travels to Enugu and discovers that him and his family will be forced to work and rebuild their home and lives, and when Jonathan has worked and earned money but gets robbed and is left with nothing once again.The plot emphasizes these points when, â€Å"Jonathan and his family were now completely paralysed by terror. Maria and the children sobbed inaudibly like lost souls. Jonathan groaned continuously† (Achebe 362). The author uses syntax and diction in this excerpt, to support the plot. He used words like, â€Å"inaudibly† and, â€Å"paralyzed with terror,† which is called imagery and helps the readers have a direct connect ion to the plot. In many ways plot is used to further the conflict.In many ways the author, Chinua Achebe, uses a motif, theme, characterization through the main character Jonathan, and plot, to support the main conflicts. These literary devices are key factors in the story of the â€Å"Civil Peace. † By examining the authors purpose of writing this piece, it is made clear that the intended theme is that, â€Å"Nothing Puzzles God. † Knowing that this is the theme and the authors purpose is important in determining the conflict and the reasoning behind it. In this case, the author uses the literary devices to further and extend upon the conflict.

YMCA by Village People as example of disco Essays

YMCA by Village People as example of disco Essays YMCA by Village People as example of disco Paper YMCA by Village People as example of disco Paper Essay Topic: Casablanca â€Å"YMCA†, released in the fall of 1978, has become one of the great survivors of the disco era not only because it followed to the letter the motto of disco: ‘anyone could dance to this song’, but also because the Village People, looking so vigorously American in their costumes, turned it into a crossover hit. The events that led to this success were varied: sociological, political and cultural. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the song â€Å"YMCA† reflects the events of the decade that nestled disco music and how it fits into this genre which has opened minds up to a new experience that has remained unimpaired to this day.OverviewIn order to understand the Village People phenomenon we must consider some of the relevant facts of the decade (70’s). Although disco was born to suit marginalized audiences (blacks, latinos and gays), it soon crossed over to the mainstream. The most diverse audiences accepted it and adopted its ideals of comm unal harmony. The Stonewall Riots of June 1969, which started with one more police raid into a Greenwich Village gay bar, developed into a series of violent protests that went on for weeks and finally marked the beginning of the gay rights movement in the United States (Kelly Boyer Sagert 31) As a consequence of the Stonewall Riots, the gay community won, among others, the right to dance and interact in their own bars and clubs away from police harassment. Discotheques became the main site of gay liberation. As Robert Walser points out, the music of the 70’s was, in many ways, an answer to the frustrated ideals of the 60’s. Punk and heavy metal took over the economic slump, the chronic social problems and the political distrust but â€Å"the new gender identities and communal ideals† were taken up by disco (â€Å"The Rock and Roll Era 374)As its primary aim was making people get together and dance, disco became in many ways, the studio-created ‘product of producers’, relegating performers to a state of near anonymity and making dancers the stars. In the case of Village People, this was the job of two French music producers: Jacques Morali and Henri Belolo who fell in love with disco and decided to move to the United States to be part of the great movement. They wrote and co-produced for the female trio The Ritchie Family. By the end of the seventies, Morali’s genius for the business spotted an American Indian who danced in a gay disco down in the Village, as they watched him dance they noticed a cowboy who was waiting for his turn to perform. Both producers had the same idea: mixing together in one disco band the male stereotypes of America that the gay community responded to. They placed an ad and eventually filled the roles of cowboy (Randy Jones), cop (Victor Willis), construction worker (David Hodo), soldier (Alex Briley), leather-clad biker (Glenn Hughes), and Indian (Felipe Rose).Description and analysisJacques M orali came up with the idea of writing a song about the â€Å"YMCA† after visiting Randy Jones who was staying there as he moved to New York in 1975. According to what the members of the Village People said in an interview for SPIN Magazine, Morali wrote the song in fifteen minutes during a lunch break without realizing it was to become a disco anthem (Jeff Pearlman 74)YMCA was the first of the five songs which formed part of the LP Cruisin released by Casablanca Records in 1978. As most disco songs, it was meant for dancing in a club. The song reflects the interaction and identification of the individuals with a community. Some authors suggest that such experiences are essential to the disco music: â€Å"To understand this music it is necessary to understand (and respect, and probably love) the sensation of being one among hundreds of others on a packed dance-floor, dancing because dancing is what we enjoy most, and because dance music (like sex) binds us intimately.† (Watney 9)â€Å"YMCA† is sung almost entirely as a set of recommendations to partners who have just arrived in New York with no money and nowhere to stay. In this song the group vocals can be understood as representing the community and the soloist, the individual. Every line of the song is in a call-and-response format. First all the members of the Village People sing a short word or phrase, then Victor Willis, with his broad-chested lead vocal, adds a longer line.The song consists mainly of six stanzas, each pair followed by the same chorus. The song tunes are closed, self-contained. This is achieved by an almost strict musical structure (AABB) and the word by word stress of the last verse in a stanza, punctuated by synthesizers. There is a modest textural crescendo after the first chorus, but the intensity level pattern remains basically the same throughout the song. All choruses are virtually identical not only lyrically but also in terms of instrumentation. The song star ts with a brass introduction which is immediately followed by the four-four pulse beat of disco as the band begins to sing.   Many different instruments are used: clavinet and electric piano (Nathanial Wilke), drums (Russell Drabney), lead guitar (Jimmy Lee), rhythm guitar (Rodger Lee), synthesizer (Richard Trifan) but brass instruments stand out. Before each of the choruses we can hear five bursts of brass which seem to announce the important message:It’s fun to stay at the YMCAThe rest of the stanzas are there to explain why it is so much fun:They have everything for you men to enjoy,You can hang out with all the boys You can get yourself clean, you can have a good meal,You can do what about you feel Having taken off in gay discotheques, the Village People managed to make their songs’ associations with gay lifestyle obvious but somehow hardly noticeable. They simply chose not to say much about the topic and let everybody believe what they wanted.It was this strateg y, together with their charisma and the right social circumstances which made â€Å"YMCA† sell 12 million internationally and be constantly reissued and repackaged.ConclusionDisco sound was ultra-inclusive. Jazz, classical, calypso, rock, latin, soul, funk were mixed in a perfect recipe within a studio to create an innovative sound. It, in turn, influenced 1990’s and 2000’s rhythms like house, techno and hip-hop proving efficiently that disco is a really dignified link of the chain of music.Although in 1977 it might have been hard to believe, the Village People occupied an extreme place in the history of music. It was a brief, frenzied moment when the cultural principle was ‘if it feels good, then it’s ok’, but with their picturesque looks and their contagious rhythm, they became one of the disco decade most enduring phenomena. There is not a sporting event, wedding reception, biker meeting where â€Å"YMCA† is not played confirming it as one of the disco anthems of all times.As Richard Dryer wrote â€Å"disco can’t change the world or make the revolution† but it did open up experience and changed definitions (â€Å"In Defence of Disco† 151)

Noëls Vocabulary, Traditions and Decorations

Noà «ls Vocabulary, Traditions and Decorations Whether you are religious or not, Christmas, Noà «l (pronounced â€Å"no el†) is an important holiday in France. Since the French don’t celebrate Thanksgiving, Noà «l is really the traditional family gathering. Now, many things have been said about Christmas in France, and its particular traditions such as the thirteen desserts, but many of these traditions are regional, and unfortunately tend to disappear with time.   Right now, across France, here are seven traditions you could be expecting: 1. Le Sapin de Noà «l - The Christmas Tree For Christmas, traditions asks that you go get a Christmas Tree â€Å"un sapin de Noà «l†, decorate it and set it in your house. Some people would plant theirs back in their yard. Most will just get a cut tree and throw it away when it is dry. Nowadays, many people prefer to have a synthetic tree you can fold and reuse every year. â€Å"Les dà ©corations (f), les ornements (m)† are more or less precious but it is mostly in the US that I’ve heard the traditions of passing on ornements through generations. It is not a very common thing in France. Its not really clear when to set up the sapin de Noà «l. Some set it on Saint Nicks day (December 6th) and remove it on the 3 King Day (lEpiphanie, January 6th). Le sapin de Noà «l - Christmas treeLes aiguilles de pin - pine needlesUne branche - a brancheUne dà ©coration - a decorationUn ornement - an ornamentUne boule - a ball / an ornamentUne guirlande - a garlandUne guirlande à ©lectrique - an electrical garlandL’à ©toile - the star 2. La Couronne de Noà «l - Christmas Wreath Another Christmas Tradition is to use wreaths on your doors, or sometimes as a table centrepiece. This wreath may be done of twigs, or of a fir branch, may have glitter, feature fir cones and if placed on a table, often surrounds a candle. Un centre de table - a centrepieceUne couronne - a wreathUne brindille - a twigUne branche de sapin - a fir branchUne pomme de pin - a fir coneUne bougie - a candleUne paillette - a glitterDe la neige artificielle - artificial snow 3. Le Calendrier de l’Avent - Advent Calendar This is a special calendar for kids, to help them count the days before Christmas. Behind each number is a door, which reveals a drawing, or a nook with a treat or a little toy. This calendar is usually hung in a communal room as to remind everybody of the countdown before Christmas (and keep an eye on the â€Å"door† openings so that the kids won’t just eat all the chocolate before Christmas...) Un calendrier - a calendarL’Avent - AdventUne porte - a doorUne cachette - a hiding spotUne surprise - a surpriseUn bonbon - a candyUn chocolat - a chocolate 4. La Crà ¨che de Noà «l - The Christmas Manger Nativity Another important Christmas tradition in France is the nativity: a little house with Mary and Joseph, an ox and a donkey, the star and an angel, and eventually baby Jesus. The nativity set can be larger, with the 3 kings, many shepherds and sheep and other animals and village people. Some are very old and in the South of France, the little figurines are called â€Å"santons† and can be worth quite a lot of money. Some family make a paper crà ¨che as a project for Christmas, others have a tiny little one somewhere in their house, and some churches would have a live nativity scene during the Christmas mass. Traditionally, baby Jesus is added on December 25th in the morning, often by the youngest child of the household. La crà ¨che - the manger/ nativityLe petit Jà ©sus - baby JesusMarie - MaryJoseph - JosephUn ange - an angelUn boeuf - an oxUn à ¢ne - a donkeyUne mangeoire - a mangerLes rois mages - the 3 kings, the 3 wise menL’à ©toile du berger - the star of BethlehemUn mouton - a sheepUn berger - a shepherdUn santon - manger figurines made in the South of France 5. About Santa, Shoes, Stockings, Cookies and Milk In the old days, children would place their shoes next to the fireplace and hope to get a little present from Santa, such as an orange, a wooden toy, a little doll. Stockings are used instead in the Anglo-saxon countries.   In France, most new houses do not have a fireplace, and the tradition of placing your shoes by it has totally disappeared. Although he does bring the presents on his sleigh, in France what Santa does is not that clear: some think he comes down the chimney himself, some believe he sends a helper or just magically places the gifts on the shoes (if he is an old-fashioned Santa) or under the Christmas tree. In any case, there is no clear tradition of leaving cookies and milk for him†¦ Maybe a bottle of Bordeaux and a toast of foie gras? Just kidding†¦ Le Pà ¨re Noà «l - Santa (or Saint Nicolas in the North-East of France)Le traineau - the sleighLes rennes - reindeersLes elfes - elvesLe Pà ´le Nord - North Pole 6. Christmas Cards and Greetings It’s customary in France to send out Christmas/ Happy New Year cards to your friends and family, although this tradition is disappearing over time. If its better to send them before Christmas, you have until January 31st to do it. Popular Christmas greetings are: Joyeux Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes de Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes - Happy Holidays (more Politically Correct since not Religious) 7. Les Marchà ©s de Noà «l - Christmas Markets in France Christmas Markets are little villages made up of wooden stalls (called chà ¢lets) which pop up in the center of towns in December. They typically sell decorations, local products and vin chaud (mulled wine), cakes, biscuits and gingerbreads as well as many handcrafted items. Originally common in the North-East of France, they are now popular throughout France - there is a huge one on les Champs Elysà ©es in Paris.

Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Renaissance - Essay Example All these paintings are extremely soothing as they, "appeal to both the mind and spirit" (Portrait of the Artist). These paintings reflect the artist's unique and personal style. The painting that I have chosen, 'Madonna and Child with Adoring Angel' (Tempera on panel, Norton Simon Art Foundation), is exceptional for its three dimensional effect as obtained by the view of the country-side in the background as seen through the window arches. Equally brilliant is how the artist has captured the expressions of love, tenderness and adoration on the faces of his three subjects. The attention paid to the surroundings in the form of the pillars and arches also lend authenticity to the entire composition. All these aspects combined give depth and perspective to the painting as well as a sense of realism, which was a hallmark of art of this period. The artist has gone in to minute detail in every aspect of the painting - be it the main subjects, the overall setting and even the decorative aspects. For example, the depiction of the decorations on the panels and arches makes one fell as if one were actually present in the room.

How is cell phone affectin our daily life Research Paper

How is cell phone affectin our daily life - Research Paper Example The overall effects and contribution of cell phones, taking the benefits and hazards of daily life into consideration, helps to understand the impacts of cell phone in daily life. Introduction The advent of cell phones has revolutionized our daily livelihood. Cell phone has become an integral part of our daily life and is one of the basic needs of the life. In every step of our daily life starting from eating, talking, working and sleeping, cell phone is involved in numerous functions that we undertake. It has become next to impossible to imagine about our lives without the use of cell phone. This could be evidenced from the fact that if our cell phone is damaged or lost, we do not wait or think twice but immediately take actions of either buying a new one or repairing it as soon as possible. The availability of cell phones in the market is also has been an area of achievement by the manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. A wide range of cell phones are available in the market in terms of quality, style and price. Even high quality and branded cell phones are available in the market at affordable cost. The marketing channels used by the sellers are also of a wide range that varies from multiple shopping channels, electronic channels, etc. The cells phone are electronic gadgets that offer multiple benefits on different situational circumstances to the user. Apart from the communication aspect of cell phones, cell phones are used for the purpose of entertainment, watching and listening to videos, music, songs, etc. Apart from this, cell phones serve as life saving instruments for the user in order to rescue themselves under dire circumstances. Cell phones have the passive attitudes of life into aspects of talking initiative. Rather than waiting for an event to happen or information to be retrieved, cell phones allow the user to take the initiative of reaching to the happening place of the event or to acquire the desired information. Apart from the benefits, ce ll phones also affect our daily lives through environmental and health hazards (Katz, 23). The launch of new mobile phone with upgraded technology draws many users who scrap their old devices and buy a new cell phone. Thus the debris of cell phone is piled up in the society. The toxic metals like cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, manganese, lithium, zinc, arsenic, antimony and copper and other heavy metals present in the cell phones add to the environmental wastes and cause pollution. The health hazards that are caused by the cell phones include cell phone elbow, malignant gliomas, acoustic neuromas, heart ailments, etc. Research Problem The research problem defined for this research is, â€Å"How is cell phone affecting our daily life?† The research problem has been designed to explain the positive and negative impacts of cell phone in our daily life along wit the changes that have been brought about by its usage. Literature review The communication channels of the world have developed through ages. The technologies have produced its fruits which have revolutionized the ways of leading life. The ways of communication are, however, classified as passive and active. The passive ways of communication is not under the control of the user. The user has to wait for initiation of the communication or has to wait for the information for a particular period of time. The

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila - Essay Example The data is collected directly from the field that enables the research to draw accurate and reliable conclusions. Both of them are usually constructed into culture of a given society and provide information from the ancient times to the current periods and must be interpreted by the researcher for a good conclusion to be arrived at. However, artifacts are more honest than the stories. This is because; in artifacts the researcher views for her/himself and can identify the hidden meaning (Goertz, & Mahone, 2012). On the other hand, stories can sometimes be made up that suits the researchers and at times the participant may lie. This provides false data that compromises the research. Both the criteria try to seek information from a particular source to a particular problem. They are methods of inquiry into a particular study regarding a research problem. The data must be then analyzed for interpretation. Never the less, primary data uses firsthand information from the field and can be used for comprehensive analysis. They are done to acquire new solutions to a particular problem and interact with the participant directly (Tracy, 2013). However, secondary data secondary data uses already stored data to improve on the existing analysis, or for references purposes and do not meet with the participant. Both methods involve direct actions of the researcher and the responded hence obtains first hand information. This ensures actions such biasness; lies and inaccurate information’s are minimized hence ensuring an honest data. Furthermore, both the interview and observations must notify the responded of their presence, intentions and how they would involve them in the study if they are to succeed in the study (Tracy, 2013). Interviews are usually well structured that provides an easier way to collect data from the field. The questions are made simple and clear.

Humanistic Theory According To Abraham Maslow Education Essay

Humanistic Theory According To Abraham Maslow Education Essay This is the psychological perspective popularized by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow that emphasizes the human capacity for choice and growth. The overriding assumption is that humans have free will and are not simply fated to behave in specific ways or are zombies blindly reacting to their environment. The humanists stated that the subject matter or psychology is the human subjective experience of the world how human experience things, why they experience things, etc. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Humanistic psychologists believe that an individuals behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image. Unlike the behaviorists, humanistic psychologists believe that humans are not solely the product of their environment. Rather humanistic psychologists study human meanings, understandings, and experiences involved in growing, teaching and learning. They emphasize characteristics that are shared by all human beings such as love, grief, caring and self worth. Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-perceptions and the person meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past experiences. Rather, they consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current circumstances to be important in shaping human behavior. Humanistic theory is based upon the idea that everyone has the potential to make a contribution to society and be a good and likeable person if their needs are fulfilled. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers led the humanistic theory movement and it was Maslow who developed the pyramid of needs. Maslow believed that fulfilling the needs in the correct order would allow individuals to become self actualised, fully able persons. So only after the basic physiological needs such as food, shelter, warmth are met can individuals move on to the next stages; the need to feel secure, to be loved and accepted etc. Maslow developed his theory not by studying mentally ill patients, which is where much psychological knowledge had derived from up to that point, but by studying healthy, productive, creative individuals lives and careers. He concluded that there were common characteristics which were shared by successful individuals including self acceptance, openness and respect for other individuals. Carl Rogers felt that, in addition to Maslows hierarchical needs, in order for a person to develop fully that they needed to be in an environment which would provide them with genuineness, acceptance and empathy and that without such a nourishing environment healthy personalities and relationships would be unable to flourish. Humanistic theory is basically about the development of the individual. It was very popular in the 1970s but seems to be slightly out of favour today as Western nations have generally moved slightly towards the political right and there is more emphasis on conforming and contributing to, a slightly more conservative society. Of course, whilst humanistic theory does have a very strong focus on the individual, it is based upon the belief that well developed, successful individuals are best placed to make a positive contribution to society. Humanistic theory suggests that the achievement of happiness is frequently dependent upon achieving, or giving yourself the licence to, investigate and pursue your own deepest interests and desires. Humanistic Theory according to Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow has been considered the Father of Humanistic Psychology. Maslows theory is based on the notion that experience is the primary phenomenon in the study of human learning and behavior. He placed emphasis on choice, creativity, values, self-realization, all distinctively human qualities, and believed that meaningfulness and subjectivity were more important than objectivity. For Maslow, development of human potential, dignity and worth are ultimate concerns. Maslow rejected behaviorist views and Freuds theories on the basis of their reductionistic approaches. He felt Freuds view of human nature was negative, and he valued goodness, nobility and reason. Also, Freud concentrated on the mentally ill, and Maslow was interested in healthy human psychology. Maslow and his colleagues came to refer to their movement as third force psychology, the first two being psychoanalysis and behaviorism. The third force is based on philosophies of existentialism and humanism. He is famous for proposing that human motivation is based on a hierarchy of needs. The lowest level of needs are physiological and survival needs such as hunger and thirst. Further levels include belonging and love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. From Maslows perspective, the drive to learn is intrinsic. The purpose of learning is to bring about self-actualization, and the goals of educators should include this process. Learning contributes to psychological health. Maslow proposed other goals of learning, including discovery of ones vocation or destiny; knowledge of values; realization of life as precious, acquisition of peak experiences, sense of accomplishment, satisfaction of psychological needs, awareness of beauty and wonder in life, impulse control, developing choice, and grappling with the critical existential problems of life. Maslows theory of learning highlighted the differences between experiential knowledge and spectator knowledge. He regarded spectator, or scientific, knowledge to be inferior to experiential. Properties of experiential learning include: immersion in the experience without awareness of the flow of time momentarily not being self-conscious transcending time, place, history, and society by being beyond and unaffected by them merging with that which is being experienced being innocently receptive, as a child, uncritical suspending temporarily evaluation of the experience in terms of its importance or unimportance lack of inhibition, subsiding of selfishness, fear, defensiveness experience unfolds naturally without striving or effort suspending criticism, validation, and evaluation of the experience trusting experience by passively letting it happen; letting go of preconceived notions disengaging from logical, analytical, and rational activities Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Needs They consist of needs for oxygen, food, water, and a relatively constant body temperature. They are the strongest needs because if a person were deprived of all needs, the physiological ones would come first in the persons search for satisfaction. We need these for basic survival. Maslows theory said that you need to satisfy first the basic needs like Physiological needs and Safety needs, to get motivation to truly attain the higher-level needs like social needs and esteem. Safety Needs When all physiological needs are satisfied and no longer dominating our thoughts and behaviors, we progress to safety needs. A persons attention turns to safety and security for himself/ herself to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs might be fulfilled by: Living in a safe area Medical insurance Job security Financial reserves These include the need for security. We often have little awareness of these, except in times of emergency disorganization in social structure (war time, terrorist acts, domestic violence, natural disasters). Maslows hierarchy said that, if a person feels that he or she is in harms way, higher needs would not be attained that quickly. Belongingness Love needs When a person has attained the lower level like Physiological and Safety needs, higher level needs become important, the first of which are social needs. Social needs are those related to interaction with other people like: Need for friends Need for belonging Need to give and receive love When safety and physiological needs are met, we desire, to be loved by others and to belong. Maslow states that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness alienation. This involves both giving receiving love, affection the sense of belonging (family, friends, social groups). Esteem Needs After the first 3 classes of needs are met, the needs for esteem can become dominant. These involve needs for both self-esteem for the esteem a person gets from others. Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external. Self respect and achievement are some examples of Internal esteem needs. Social status and recognition are some examples of External esteem needs. Some esteem needs are: Self-respect Achievement Attention Recognition Reputation Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect, respect from others. When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-confident valuable as a person in the world. When these needs are frustrated, the person feels inferior, weak, helpless worthless. Need for Self-Actualization When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. The last necessity is the Self Actualization or Fulfillment Needs. This includes purposed, personal growth, and the full realization of ones potentials. This is the point where people start becoming fully functional, acting purely on their own volition, and having a healthy personality. Maslow describes self-actualization as a persons need to be do that which the person was born to do. A musician must make music, an artist must paint, and a poet must write. These needs make themselves felt in signs of restlessness (person feels edgy, tense, lacking something, restless.) The person must be true to his or her own nature, be what you are meant to be. Maslow believed that very few people reach the state of self-actualization. Although we all have the need to move toward the goal of reaching our full potential, other needs may get in the way. Misconceptions about Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslow himself agreed that his 5-level need hierarchy oversimplifies the relationship between needs behavior. The order of needs makes sense for most of us, though there may be some notable exceptions (e.g., some people need to satisfy their needs for self-esteem respect before they can enter a love relationship). We may so desire fulfilling a need that we sacrifice others below it. For example, a person with a passion for acting might sacrifice his or her hunger, which is one of physiological needs, to pursue a career in acting even though the payment is barely enough and struggling to live while trying to make a name for themselves in the business. Maslow was interested in studying people who are psychologically healthy. These were people who had become self-actualized. He interviewed these people to see how they were able to satisfy all of the needs on the hierarchy. He conducted what he called a holistic analysis in which he sought general impressions from his efforts to understand these people in depth. What are Self-Actualized People Like? They tend to accept themselves for what they are. They freely admit their weaknesses, but do make attempts to improve. They dont worry excessively over the mistakes they have made, but instead focus on improving. They respect feel good about themselves. However, this self love is healthy not narcissistic. They are less restricted by cultural norms than the average person. They feel free to express their desires, even if contrary to the popular view. These people have frequent peak experiences, in which time place are transcended, anxieties are lost, a unity of self with the universe is obtained (birth of a child, marriage, deciding to go to school). Humanistic Theory according to Carl Rogers Carl Rogers was a central figure in the humanistic movement of personality psychology. He lived from 1902 till 1987. In the span of his life, he was an instrumental figure in the understanding of the individual as a central point of the study of human potential. He believed that within each individual lies an innate desire and motivation to learn in order to progress to a higher level of achievement and self-development. Both Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers work became popularly known in the mid-1980s as the human potential movement. This categorization of their work became the ground where psychologists used their conceptual framework to study the impact on ones personality as well as in the field of education, among others. One of his famous quotes epitomized his conceptual framework, The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change. This quotation reflected his theoretical conception that people must be able to create a learning curve that will enable them to change towards a new chapter in their self-development. According to Rogers (1951), people can be tuned to learn to unlock themselves from an environment that constricts their potential because of preconceived notions of how they should be. Rogers believed that people who are restricted by their perception of the environment in which they exist in have a debilitating effect on how they may view their potential. However, if an individual is able to overcome the faulty perception(s) of the environment, and learn to acknowledge the potential to grow, then the individual may initiate steps as well as processes towards this end. Rogers strongly advocated that a growing individual is on where he or she is aware of a progress of ongoing internal change, and an acceptance of oneself. Rogers further emphasized that individuals will inevitably experience positive development if they are exposed to supportive environmental condition. By his understanding of supportive environmental condition, Rogers believed that social factors contribute to positive development. Rogers (1982), quoted by Pfaffenberger. A, 2007, p 508, emphatically stated that in his opinion, all humans will display compassion and cooperation if they are provided with the appropriate environmental supports. Therefore, Rogers was of the view that learning in a supportive environmental condition was crucial to the development of oneself. In a much later publication, Rogers (1982) also placed emphasis on growth-enhancing relationships that facilitate inner awareness and congruence which allowed motivation of effort towards a certain objective. Rogers postulated that relationships that provide for an awareness of oneself in differing situations can lead to personal growth. For example, if a child learns that he or she is nurtured in a caring family and with acceptance (relationship factor), he or she is more adapted to see situational variables (such as studies, or skill based acquisition) as motivation towards achieving objectives. However, it is notable that this presumption of Rogers may be faulty because it is argued that situational variables can also work to the detriment of the individual. In contrast, Abraham Maslow (1968) explicitly acknowledged that difficult circumstances can also be growth-enhancing. Much research had been conducted to investigate how growth-enhancing relationships and situational variables may trigger different affect. One of the more definitive studies was conducted by L. King (2001), (quoted by Pfaffenberger. A, 2007, p 510). In this study, King investigated the influence of challenging and limiting life events on personality development as measured by Loevingers (1976) SCT Sentence Completion Test. The study concluded that cognitive abilities and personality structures interact with life circumstances, and that the nature of this interaction is relevant to whether growth occurs (p, 511). This study also supports Rollo Mays (1958) theory of existential therapy, where clients are taught to constructively work with their limitations and to create freedom so that they can choose values, meanings, and their levels of commitment. Theoretical orientations of Rogers humanistic concept: The humanistic orientation of Rogers theory can be essentially encapsulated using two (2) theories. The two (2) theories are the person-centred personality theory and the self-determination theory. Person-centred theory For almost fifty (50) years since his earlier publication of A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships, developed under the Client-centred Framework, Rogers (1959), the person-centred movement and client-centred approach towards counselling and psycho-therapy are also generalized to other fields of knowledge. The crux of the person-centred personality theory is the assumption that human beings have an inherent tendency towards growth, development, and optimal functioning. According to Rogers (1959), quoted by Patterson and Joseph, 2007, p 120, the person-centred approach offers a dynamic, process-focused account of personality development and functioning,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ What this means is that, every human is born with an innate motivational drive, known as the actualizing tendency. Actualizing tendency is defined by Rogers (1959) as, the inherent tendency of the organism to develop all of its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the organismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦development towards autonomy and away from heteronomy, or control by external forces. (p 196) (Quoted by Patterson and Joseph, 2007, p 120) Every individual possesses some capacity that allows him or her to realize the inherent potential within. One of the key implications of Rogers actualizing tendency lies in how individuals undertake to bring out the potential. According to Rogers, the impact of the environmental conditions is a determining factor. Under favourable social-environmental conditions, Rogers proposed that the individuals self-concept actualizes in accordance with his or her organismic valuing process (OVP). The OVP refers to the evaluation of experiences in a manner consistent with ones intrinsic needs: Rogers summed it by declaring that, the human infant is seen as having an inherent motivational system and a regulatory system (the valuing process) which by its feedback keeps the organism on the beam of satisfying his motivational needs. (Rogers, 1959, p 222). Even from young, every individual is keen to fulfil some of his or her intrinsic needs; those that are not dependent on externalities or due to any prior learning. An example is how children recognize the importance of exploration whilst learning and/or playing. In the process, children discover more about themselves, about the environment, about others and about life in general. As children learn to correlate these experiences into their organization of self-concept, they begin to instil a sense of their OVP learning to evaluate the experiences based on their intrinsic needs. The concept of OVP is important to the central theme of Rogers theoretical framework. Important to Rogers understanding is his (1957) terminology of a fully functioning person an ideal of autonomous psychological functioning that occurs when self-actualization is organismically congruent. This concept is similar to Maslow (1970) and presupposes that individuals must firstly satisfy their most fundamental needs. In his later works, Rogers (1963 and 1964) proposed that the attitudes and behaviours of more fully functioning individuals are consistent with certain internally generated value directions. The value directions include moving toward increasingly socialized goals, where sensitivity to others and acceptance of others is positively valued and where deep relationships are positively valued, and moving in the direction of greater openness to experience, where the person comes to value an openness to all of his or her inner and outer experience ( Rogers, 1964, p 166). Rogers acknowledged that conditions or the social-environmental factors are not always ideal for the emergence of a fully functioning person. Situations like this give rise to a state of incongruence. There is a state of tension and internal confusion. When an unfavourable social environment is present, the actualizing tendency is thwarted, Rogers (1959). The actualizing tendency is compromised by the conditions of worth. Conditions of worth are conceptualized as the values that are introjected by the individual from his or her social interactions and that stem from the developing infants need for positive regard from significant others in his or her social environment. In this respect, if an infant receives positive regard that is conditional, then he or she learns to evaluate experiences according to whether or not they satisfy the externally imposed conditions. As the child develops, the conditions of worth are introjected, meaning that they act as an internalized social order and replacing organismic valuing as the principle governing the individuals attitudes and behaviour. Self-Determination Theory This is a contemporary organismic theory formulated by Deci, E.L and Ryan, R. M, (1985, 1991, 2000) that focused on motivation and personality functioning that emphasizes the central rule of the individuals inner resources for personality development and behavioural self-regulation. This theory is similar to the person-centred theory in that self-determination theory views the individual as an active growth-oriented organism, attempting to actualize his or her potentialities within the environment in which he or she functions. A summary of the self-determination theory carries the following elements: Human beings are inherently proactive; have potential to act on and master both the inner forces and the external, Human beings, as self-organizing systems, have an inherent tendency toward growth, development, and integrated functioning, For people to actualize their inherent nature and potentials, people require nutrients from the social environment. Adapted from Deci and Vansteenkiste, 2004, pp 23-24, (quoted by Patterson and Joseph, 2007, p 124) In self-determination theory, one of the major sources of motivation and/or OVP is the recognition whether the behaviour is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated. Intrinsic motivation/regulation is equivalent to acting in accordance with OVP. At the same time, there are three (3) subcategories of extrinsic motivation that may account for extrinsic regulations. Perceived locus of causality/ Locus of evaluation describe the individuals perception as to whether the motivation is located internally or externally = person-centred construct of locus of evaluation (Rogers, 1959), Basic needs/ Necessary and Sufficient conditions need for competence, relatedness, and autonomy; essential for facilitating psychological growth and integration, social development, and personal well-being. Competence refers to our need to control outcomes, and to be efficacious in our environment, autonomy refers to the individuals attempts to be a self-determining agent of his or her own attitudes and behaviour, while relatedness describes the urge to be in relationship with others, caring for others, and being cared for by others. Self-determination theory hypothesized that, for the individual to experience an ongoing sense of integrity and well-being, each of these three basic needs must be met throughout the life-span. This hypothesis supports the contention that certain, social-environmental conditions nurture self-regulation based on organismic valuing and lead to a process of growth and change in the direction of healthy functioning and psychological well-being. Contingent Self-Esteem/Conditional Self-Regard refers to the influence of people viewed as significant others (Deci Ryan, 1995; Ryan Brown, 2003). This is similar to the person-centred view of conditional self-regard. There exists a great amount of similarities between the person-centred and the self-determination theory. Both theories postulate that the path to psychological well-being involves following an innate guidance mechanism. This understanding is important to the field of learning because each individual has a different subset of characteristics that may promote and/or hinder learning. In this respect, knowing what triggers effective learning, providing conducive environment, taking into account an individuals OVP, social factors, as well as structuring the curriculum are necessary to enhance the optimal level of learning. Humanistic theory proposed understanding humans as a state of being, a dynamic and ever-changing situation where each individual is seen as always striving to fulfil the potential within. APPLICATION IN EDUCATION In the field of education, humanistic theory grants educators important conceptual understanding about the role of learners. From Maslow and Rogers, educators have a better insight into the elements of learners style and dimensions of absorption of knowledge and utilization of skills and abilities. In his paper, Humanistic Self-Instruction, the author, R. Craig Hogan (1978) suggested that instructors/educators should demonstrate their appreciation and value of the individual learners by viewing them as objects that have unique and specific needs. The negative implications of treating the learners as empty jars or blank slates is that many instructors/educators feel that learners are passive receivers only; filling the learners as the instructors/educators wish. This negative implications are serious to warrant attention as instructors/educators may force learners to be receptive and have no obligation whatsoever to consider his or her individuality and autonomy in learning. According to Chris Argyris, in his book, Intervention Theory and Method: A Behavioural Science View, 1970, pp 15-16, we see them (learners) and they see themselves as autonomous, responsible individuals committed to the direction the intervention is taking, making free choices based on sufficient valid information about the means and ends. It is a common error that most instructors/educators as well as educational institutions assume that learners need to be instructed as to their learning. This assumption works on the premise that effective learning must follow certain syllabus, instructional method(s) and assessment grading. The education system in most countries is mostly rigid; built along the tried and tested formula of the existing structure of instructed teaching. In cases such as these, the classroom may contain students of varying levels of interest, self-management skill, independence versus dependent minded, industrious versus sluggard and bright as well as lesser bright ones. The methodology of teaching would be uniform across all All are fed the same the same fare at the same rate in the same way. The classroom atmosphere suppresses individuality, autonomy, and freedom by stifling students initiative to manage their own learning at every level of responsibility. Self-directed learning is minimized (Hogan, 1978, pp 262-263) Combination of group contingencies and cooperative learning in adopting humanistic principles The conceptual understanding of group contingencies is that it is primarily derived from behavioural learning theory (Bandura, 1969). The theory behind group contingencies is that a group is rewarded if it collectively meets some standard; and the members of the group apply social sanctions to one another to encourage group members to do what is necessary to ensure that the group will be successful (Slavin 1987). Group contingencies are also workable if the reward/sanction is used in tangent to the efforts of individual member of the group. This creates a situation where each individual makes him or herself liable and responsible for the success of the group. In this, the humanist tendencies are activated in each of the individual. Cooperative learning refers to a set of instructional methods in which students are encouraged or required to work together on academic tasks. Cooperative learning methods may be as simple as having students sit together to discuss or help one another with classroom tasks. Rewards may be offered; as in group contingencies but are not essential (Slavin, 1987, p 31). An aspect of cooperative learning that is vital is the element of peer interaction. The quality of the peer interaction determines the extent of the learning and the success of the completion of tasks. The effectiveness of cooperative learning is best seen in two (2) studies (Hulten DeVries, 1976; Slavin, 1980) which found that providing recognition to student teams based on the sum of their individual learning increased student achievement even if students were not permitted to interact in class. In the same vein, a German study, (Huber, Bogatzki, Winter, 1982) found that providing students an opportunity to study together did not increase their achievement, but adding group rewards based on individual learning did lead to enhanced achievement. (Slavin, 1987, p 33) Therefore, the researches listed above clearly supports the position that cooperative reward structures, or group contingencies, based on individual learning of group members are necessary for the success of these methods in improving student achievement. Peer interaction is also found to be important to the success of cooperative strategies. [Webb, (1985), Peterson Janicki, (1979)] Students are motivated to engage in elaborated, cognitively involving explanations and discussions if the learning of their group mates is made important by the provision of group rewards based on individual learning performances (Slavin, 1983). One of the important findings of Slavins study has found positive effects of cooperative learning non race relations, attitudes, self-esteem and other non-academic outcomes (1983). Humanistic understanding of education is not specifically confined to the individual per se but rather emphasizes on how learners/students are able to gain the right concept of themselves and pursue towards growth. In this, cooperative learning has a major role if the outcomes point to similar outcomes. Humanistic theory and learning in Adult Education Humanistic application is most seen in adult learning. For most adults, the adage of more is caught than taught is true. According to a paper presentation by Jackson, Sanetta. George, Cooks, Alyce; Hackney, Darwyn; Stevens, Claude; and Zumwait, Dave, (2002), this adage refers to the informal and incidental learning that takes place on a daily basis and in most situations. In these situations, the learning revolves around human relationships. It is common knowledge that the psychological learning environment of adults and non-adults are significantly different. By virtue of adults ability to make decisions regarding their personal growth and development; especially in learning, humanistic theory provides for a deeper insight into understanding the psychological learning environment of adults. The psychological learning environment is defined as creating a climate in which both learners and teachers are able to engage in genuine exchange. (Jackson, et.al) For teachers, this means that learners need to feel a sense of welcome and at ease, attending to the fears and doubts that adult