Air Pollution Of The Airline Industry And Its Aircraft

Introduction When people think of noise control they normally think of sound being able to controlled. However, that not the case in airline industry. What noise controlled does to the airline industry is to seek a safe working environment that would not disturbed the environment and public health. It started in 1972 when congress passes the Noise Control Act to reduce noise pollution being produce by aircraft. Although there are other factors that is part of the noise pollution like automobile and construction site, but for this essay it will focus on the air pollution of the airline industry and its aircraft. With that being said, according to the Clean Air Act Title IV - Noise Pollution provided by the United State Environmental†¦show more content†¦According to the Smithsonian National Airspace Museum it stated â€Å"On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with their first powered aircraft. The Wright brothers had invented t he first successful airplane (Smithsonian National Airspace Museum, n.d.). Eventually, the advances of airplane since the Wright’s brothers more airplanes are now well equipped with the latest technology, faster, and stealthier. However, with every new airplane being produce there are problems that can arise, such as noise pollution. As more people are traveling it cause damages to the environment and public health. For example, every time a plane is taking off it burn fuels and causes carbon emission build up in the earth atmospheres, as well as, making noise disturbance nearby resident and businesses. According to MIT News â€Å"Noise from planes flying over residential areas impairs people s ability to work, learn in school and sleep, and consequently also results in lowered property values in affected areas†¦as passenger volume increases and new and larger airports are built, noise is becoming even more of a concern† (Aircraft Noise Pollution, 1995). Being said, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is on the verge of developing a completely new system called the NexGen to helps with the noise pollution caused by the airplane by figuring out what is the most effective way for an aircraft to approachShow MoreRelatedAirline Industry1221 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the world’s most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. It generates huge amounts of income as well as employment each year. 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Deciding to Make Right Lifestyle Changing Decisions

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Effect of Gibberellins free essay sample

The Effects of Gibberellins on stem elongation in dwarf and normal Pea seedlings Abstract The effect of Gibberellins on dwarf and normal peas was studied under laboratory conditions in order to gain a better understanding of plant hormones. Problem: determine how the plant hormone Gibberellins affects on steam elongation and to measure the effect of this hormone on growth. Introduction Plant Hormones are small chemical messengers that act as internal signals within a plant. (Campbell et. at. , 2011) Plant hormones are also known as Phytochromes. Plants, unlike  animals, lack  glands  that produce and  secrete  hormones. Instead, each cell is capable of producing hormones (2). For over two millennia, people have observed that one part of the plant may influence that of another. Duhamel du Monceaus experiments in 1758 suggested that sap movement controlled the growth of plants. Julius von Sachs who is acknowledged as the father of plant physiology revised du Monceaus theory by presenting evidence that organ-forming substances were made by the plant and moved to different parts of the plant where they controlled growth and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Gibberellins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Charles Darwin, is considered to be the scientist responsible for beginning the modern research in plant growth substances with his experiments on phototropism described in his book The Power of Movement in Plants. It was in 1926 that this compound was first isolated from plants by a graduate student in Holland named Fritz Went and was later termed auxin (Greek auxein, to increase) by  Kogl and Haagen-Smit in 1931. Shortly after this time other lines of investigation led to other plant hormones:  gibberellins  were discovered in plant pathogenesis studies; efforts to culture tissues led to  Cytokinins; efforts of controlling abscission and dormancy aimed to  Abscisic acid; and the effects of illuminating gas and smoke brought us to  ethylene (3). Also there is another plant hormone, which is has been discovered and known as a Brassinosteriod. The main function of plant hormones include regulating plant growth, as well as affecting the processes of cell division, cell elongation, cell ifferentiation, polarity of growth, pattern of branching, seed germination, flowering, and senescence (Campbell et. al, 2011). Plant hormones also play a role in determining where the stems, leaves, flowers and fruits will form on the plant. The Gibberellins found in meristems of apical buds and roots, and young leaves, and developing seeds are the primary sires of production. Major function of Gibberellins: stimulate stem elongation, pollen development, pollen tube growth, fruit growth, and seed development and germination; regulate sex determination and the transition from juvenile to adult phases (Campbell et. l, 2011). The purpose of this experiment was to test the effects of the high/low concentrations of plant hormones Gibberellins on dwarf and normal pea plants. The plant organism studied in this experiment was the Pisum sativum L. The group hypothesized the Gibberellins hormone would cause the plants to grow tremendously: the higher concentrations of Gibberellins hormone would cause the plant to grow at a faster rate than the lower concentrations of this hormone. Materials and Methods 1 box of dwarf pea seedlings (Little Marvel) 1 box of normal pea seedlings. After all of our measurements on 21 days the average internodes length of dwarf and normal pea seedlings has been calculated and shown in Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7. The Figure 5 depicts the relationship between the plant heights 21 days the average internodes lengths at the week 14 days of dwarf and normal pea seedlings. The Figure 6 displays the average values of the internodes lengths of Control plants and Gibberellins affected plants during the experiment. Figure 6 The Figure 7 present a graph of results entire whole experiment based on Control Dwarf Peas, Gibberellins-Treated Dwarf Peas and Control Normal Peas. Figure 7 According to our results, at 21 days after after 1st measurements, the control dwarf peas only showed an average height of 25. 8 cm, while the Gibberellins acid-treated group of dwarf peas had an average height of 43. 2 cm. The Control tall peas had an average height of 58 cm. According on these values showed in Figure 7, there is a significant difference between the Control dwarf and the Gibberellins acid-treated dwarf peas and between the control dwarf and the control tall peas. Also between the Control tall and the Gibberellins acid-treated dwarf showed there is not a significant difference between these two groups. Since the Gibberellins acid-treated peas grew to a height similar to that of the tall peas, and significantly more than the dwarf peas, the results suggest that Gibberellins hormone may replace the substance genetically missing from the dwarf peas, or may enhance the growth of these peas. Variations in the amount of Gibberellins hormone applied to the seedlings may account for variations in the heights of the treated dwarf peas. Errors of 0. 5 to 3 cm may also occur in the measuring, especially when the peas start to grow tall and twist. Temperature and light intensity under the fluorescent lights was not measured. It is possible that changes in light intensity from one plant position to the next might influence growth rates. The experimental results obtained in the previous section supported hypothesis. Gibberellins made the plant grow tall, and throughout the week it was noticed that experimented plants seemed to have shrunk. These sources of error could be due to the fact that measurements were a little wrong or that the plants were breaking off from day to day. As for the plants with the high concentrations of each hormone, the results supported the overall hypothesis determined by the class as well. In the future it would be very useful to use the string method, throughout the entire measurement process, and to prevent the deterioration of the plants in general by placing them in more isolated areas if possible.  In conclusion, data results support the group hypothesis: the Gibberellins hormone of higher concentrations would cause the plant to grow at a faster rate than the lower concentrations of this hormone. The Gibberellins hormone increases the growth rate of genetically dwarf peas.

The Committee on the Armed Services in the US

The committee in question throughout the course of this paper is the committee on the armed services. This paper is going to talk about the number of subcommittees under this committee.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Committee on the Armed Services in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The committee is made up of 62 members. The members are divided into Republicans and Democrats. The ratio of Republicans to Democrats is 35 to 27. (Congress, 2006). The subcommittees under this committee include emerging threats and capabilities subcommittee, military personnel subcommittee, oversight and investigation subcommittee, readiness subcommittee, sea power and projection forces subcommittee, strategic forces subcommittee, and tactical air and land forces committee. The emerging threats and capabilities committee has 18 members. These members are divided into 10 republicans and 8 democrats. The military commit tee is comprised of 14 members. These are divided into 8 Republican members and 6 Democrats. The oversight and investigations committee is comprised of 10 members. These are divided into 6 Republicans and 4 Democrats. The readiness committee is comprised of 21 members. These are divided into 12 Republicans and 9 Democrats. The sea power and projection forces committee has 20 members. These are divided into 11 Republican members and 9 Democrat members. The strategic forces committee contains 16 members. These are divided into 9 republican members and 7 democrat members. The tactical air and land forces committee is made up of 25 members. These are divided into 14 republican members and 11 democrat members. (United States Congress, 1866). The emerging threats and capabilities committee is chaired by Mac Thornberry from Texas. The chairman is a republican. Other republicans in the party include Jeff Miller (FL), John Kline (MN), Bill Shuster (PA), K. Michael Conaway (TX), Christopher P . Gibson (NY), Robert T. Schilling (IL), Allen B. West (FL), Trent Franks (AZ), and Duncan Hunter (CA). The Democrat constitutes 8 members of the 18 members in the committee. These are James R. Langevin (RI), Loretta Sanchez (CA), Robert E. Andrews (NJ), Susan A. Davis (CA), Tim Ryan (OH), C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger (MD), Henry C. â€Å"Hank† Johnson, Jr. (GA), and Kathleen C. Hochul (NY). The military personnel committee is made up chaired by Joe Wilson. He is one of the 8 republicans in the committee. Other members are Walter B. Jones (NC), Mike Coffman (CO), Thomas J. Rooney (FL), Joseph J. Heck (NV), Allen B. West (FL), Austin Scott (GA), and Vicky Hartzler (MO).Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The democrats are Susan A. Davis (CA), Robert A. Brady (PA), Madeleine Z. Bordallo (GU), David Loebsack (IA), Niki Tsongas (MA), and Chellie Pingree (ME). The oversight and investig ations committee is chaired by Robert J. Wittman (VA). He controls a part of the 6 members making up the committee. Other members are K. Michael Conaway (TX), Mo Brooks (AL), Todd C. Young (IN), Thomas J. Rooney (FL), and Mike Coffman (CO). Group 1 represents the emerging threats and capabilities of the committee, and this is represented by the blue color. Group 2 presents the military personnel committee and is shown by the green color. Group 3 represents the oversight and investigation and is marked by the red color. Group 4 features the readiness committee and is presented by the med blue color. Group 5 represents the sea power and projection forces and is colored in orange. Group 6 is the strategic forces subcommittee which is presented by the yellow color. Group 7 is meant to be the tactical air and land forces which is represented by the brown color. (Jewell, 1982). References Congress (U.S.). (2006). Congressional Record, V. 148, Pt. 13, September 20, 2002 to October 1, 2002. New York: United States Congress. Jewell, M.E. (1982). Representation in state legislatures. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. United States. Congress. (1866). Congressional edition. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. This report on The Committee on the Armed Services in the US was written and submitted by user Phoebe A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.